Preparation of soluble oil emulsion
In preparing the emulsion of soluble oils with water, the product is always added to the water and not vice versa to prevent inversion of the emulsion. The requisite quantity of product is added to two or three parts of water to form a concentrated emulsion, which is subsequently diluted with the requisite quantity of water. The emulsion is applied copiously to flood the work and the tool at the machining area. This ensures satisfactory performance.
Checking oil concentration
The oil concentration in an emulsion with hydrochloric acid or saturated salt solution such as epsom salt. By noting the oil quantity that has separated the volume of oil or water to be added in emulsion can be determined.
Control of offensive odour in soluble oil emulsion
Offensive odour sometimes develops during the use of soluble oils. In some instances, this has been accompanied by a change of the colour of the emulsion. These conditions are developed in most cases due to the presence of bacteria in water /emulsions. The source of these organisms are many such as sweeping from the shop floors, the source of water and its quality, and unhygienic practices in the shop such as spitting.
The under mentioned preventive measures are helpful for control of offensive odour:
- Pre-treatment of water used in preparing emulsion
- Avoiding oil blanket on the surface of emulsion in the sump
- Aeration of emulsion
- Frequent removal of chips and fines from the sump
- Periodic cleaning of the coolant reservoir and system
Water hardness
Hardness in water is expressed as grains of calcium carbonate per gallon or parts of calcium carbonate per million parts of water.
| VERY SOFT WATER |
LESS THAN 15PPM |
| (ONE GRAIN PER GALLON) |
|
| SOFT WATER |
15 - 50 PPM |
| (1 TO 3 GRAIN PER GALLON) |
|
| MEDIUM HARD WATER |
50 - 100 PPM |
| (3 TO 6 GRAIN PER GALLON) |
|
| HARD WATER |
100 - 200 PPM |
| (6 TO 12 GRAIN PER GALLON) |
|
| VERY HARD WATER |
OVER 200 PPM |
| (ONE 12 GRAINS PER GALLON) |
|
Better emulsification soluble oils with hard water is obtained by softening the water prior to its use.
SELECTION OF CUTTING FLUIDS
| Free Machining low-carbon steel, cast iron, cast steel |
Medium Carbon Alloy Steel |
High Carbon Alloy Steel |
Stainless Steel & heat resistant Alloys |
Non-Ferrous Magnesium, Zinc, Aluminium Alloys |
Non-Ferrous Higher Hardness Aluminium, Bronze, Gun Metal, Nickel, Copper |
